Assembly Language Programming 1

In this video I begin a video series on assembly language programming. This video will help you get set up so that you can follow along yourself at home. We’ll use Docker to create a virtualized Linux running on our own computer.

Transcript

The following transcript was automatically generated by an algorithm.

00:00 : hello there so lately I have been
00:02 : learning to program in assembly language
00:05 : and there was a friend of mine who said
00:09 : that she would be interested in learning
00:12 : too which is why I'm making this video
00:15 : and with any luck this could also turn
00:18 : into a series for learning assembly
00:21 : language so we've already started I want
00:24 : to motivate why I want to learn assembly
00:28 : programming so recently I saw this talk
00:30 : by Jonathan Blow entitled preventing the
00:33 : collapse of civilization Jonathan is a
00:35 : very prolific video game designer and
00:38 : programmer and also he is currently
00:41 : building a programming language for
00:44 : making video games in this talk he
00:47 : really motivated me to dig deeper into
00:51 : how computers really work you know not
00:56 : just not just coding in high-level
01:00 : programming languages but also
01:03 : understanding how all of the stacks of
01:07 : the layers upon layers of software that
01:11 : we use everyday how everything works
01:14 : from the operating system level from the
01:16 : programming language the compiler levels
01:20 : all of that so so I want to at some
01:25 : point make a proof of concept operating
01:28 : system just to prove myself that I
01:31 : understand how an operating system works
01:34 : and as you may know Lennox was really
01:38 : created that way by Linus Torvalds and
01:42 : in a way I'm just trying to recreate
01:44 : what he did back in 1991 and if I want
01:49 : to make an operating system then I had
01:51 : better really know how the computer
01:54 : works how the CPU works the instruction
01:57 : set and how it has to interact with
02:00 : hardware so that's my motivation but
02:04 : broadly speaking if you really want to
02:06 : understand how the computer works then
02:10 : assembly language might be something to
02:12 : consider
02:13 : in this series what I'm gonna cover is
02:16 : what is assembly we're going to be using
02:22 : the nays assembler and because most of
02:32 : the tutorials online about assembly
02:35 : programming are based on SM and upon
02:38 : using it and another assembler I found
02:41 : this one to be the easier to learn or
02:45 : with a more agreeable syntax I would say
02:49 : unfortunately most of the tutorials
02:53 : online are based on the Linux platform
02:58 : so in order to run the code examples
03:01 : associated with these tutorials you
03:04 : gonna need a Linux computer either
03:11 : little bun 2 or Debian or the common
03:15 : ones and because I'm using a Mac I'm
03:20 : actually going to use docker to get my
03:25 : Lennox in there stir to emulate a Linux
03:34 : on my oh my oh s 10 computer and for Mac
03:42 : users and also window users can use this
03:45 : also I will demonstrate how to get your
03:48 : docker setup and to have the Linux
03:51 : instance running on your computer and
03:59 : then finally hopefully we can get
04:02 : through all of that and run a write a
04:06 : HelloWorld ECM program so let's let's
04:12 : get started so what is a cm it is a very
04:16 : low-level programming language the code
04:19 : looks kind of like this well
04:26 : here or you can look at it as just this
04:30 : part you can ignore these part with the
04:36 : codes here you can ignore that just look
04:40 : at this so the idea is you would write
04:43 : code in this format the code and f1 that
04:46 : gets translated it into these bits over
04:49 : here which are the exact codes that your
04:52 : CPU is gonna run CP what is the CPU or
04:56 : CPU is a chip in your computer it's the
05:00 : workhorse chip of your computer so this
05:03 : these codes actually get fed directly
05:07 : into the CPU and these codes are
05:09 : instructions I should say derived from
05:13 : an instruction set which this CPU will
05:16 : directly understand most of the most
05:20 : likely if you have a standard computer a
05:23 : laptop or desktop computer you probably
05:26 : have the Intel chip which is of the x86
05:33 : family but the tutorial I'm gonna be
05:38 : basing on mostly although not
05:41 : necessarily following it in the exact
05:45 : order is this one it's called a some
05:49 : tutor.com it has a lot of code examples
05:53 : that are runnable in the linux
05:56 : environment so so I will be using this
06:00 : and then the assembler that is
06:04 : recommended by this tutorial is nee Sam
06:07 : and then their website looks like this
06:12 : again I'm using a Mac OS OS in
06:19 : particular so in order to get linux on
06:22 : my computer I have different options
06:26 : I chose docker because it seems to be a
06:30 : pretty cool new technology making other
06:35 : waves and it's also extremely fast which
06:38 : really
06:39 : me so doctor is what I chose to use to
06:43 : get a virtual Lenox computer running
06:47 : inside of my Mac so you can look at it
06:53 : as like you have a Mac computer here max
07:03 : don't really look like this anymore okay
07:05 : you have a Mac computer and inside it's
07:08 : happily running OS X but you kind of
07:13 : separate it off a small section of your
07:16 : computer and say hey run me some Debian
07:20 : Linux but the thing that's making that
07:24 : work is this crazy thing or not crazy
07:29 : but early amazing techno but crazy I
07:32 : mean amazingly sophisticated technology
07:36 : or maybe crazy cool this crazy cool
07:40 : technology called docker that makes this
07:43 : happen that allows you to run a Linux
07:47 : - I'm a Linux running a Linux inside of
07:53 : your OS 10 or or windows because docker
08:00 : also supports Windows now okay
08:04 : so now so for the rest of this episode
08:09 : I'm gonna spend on getting set up so
08:11 : let's go back to the dacra website and
08:14 : install the darker application which is
08:18 : a desktop application so let's download
08:21 : desktop and you do have to sign up I
08:26 : believe which I have and I have also
08:28 : created an image for you to use look at
08:31 : that and anticipate okay so first thing
08:34 : I'm gonna do is download darker Desktop
08:37 : for Mac if you use Windows and get
08:39 : darker desktop for Windows so
08:50 : okay we have downloaded the darker
08:53 : installer and I'm opening it now okay
09:00 : and now I'm gonna drag this darker that
09:03 : up into my applications full okay it's
09:07 : done now I actually need to run the
09:11 : darker application like so or
09:18 : alternatively you could go to your
09:21 : Applications folder find it and double
09:26 : click on it Mac OS 10 is verifying this
09:30 : application and is asking me are you
09:33 : sure you want to open it yes I am
09:36 : it meets privileges privileged access so
09:41 : I need to type in my administrator
09:43 : password and then now it's going
09:47 : I also want me to login which I do have
09:55 : a login if you don't have a docker ID
09:58 : you can go create one over here you can
10:00 : click on this hub docker calm and create
10:04 : a login I have already created a login
10:07 : if you haven't then you need to do that
10:11 : ok so I am logged in I actually have a
10:14 : two repositories one of them is nessam
10:17 : sandbox which we will be using but
10:21 : anyhow once you've once you load it
10:25 : darker and darker has to be running in
10:28 : order for you to execute the doctor
10:30 : commands okay see you the way you tell
10:34 : if it's running is you see this little
10:37 : ship here is looking good or not and
10:42 : currently at this and now I can actually
10:45 : use doctor commands in my terminal so if
10:50 : you open up a terminal in your computer
10:53 : you can type doctor for a list of the
10:56 : commands I decided to use Debian Linux
10:59 : as I heard it's one of the moral
11:01 : lightweight linux distributions and
11:04 : Debian already has an image created for
11:08 : you on the docker hub the docker hub is
11:11 : like github except it's for docker
11:14 : images which what an image is is
11:18 : basically a configuration for an entire
11:21 : computer so the Debian image for example
11:26 : it contains everything that your
11:30 : computer needs to start and running in
11:34 : Debian Linux and they release the Debian
11:37 : image so you can run it directly with
11:40 : docker with just one come in like this
11:43 : docker and Debian so I'm gonna run that
11:45 : then you can run that yourself as well
11:47 : and now it's already downloading that
11:50 : image which is 50 megabytes ok so it's
11:56 : done downloading the Debian image and
11:58 : [Music]
12:00 : yeah and if you do darker images you see
12:05 : Debian is listed as one of the images
12:09 : that you have access to and you can
12:12 : already run this Debian Linux computer
12:19 : within of docker right now the way you
12:21 : do it is docker run
12:24 : hi t Debian I believe I know you have a
12:30 : shell and this is Lennox now how do you
12:34 : know this is Linux cat ECT OS release
12:45 : yeah ok so I can cat et Cie OS release
12:51 : and it says it's Debian Linux so this
12:55 : show is no longer my OS 10 computer this
12:59 : is Linux now and that's pretty amazing
13:03 : how fast it was able to get that running
13:07 : like just look at it that took like one
13:12 : second or so
13:13 : to sort of start an entire Linux
13:17 : computer from scratch and to the point
13:20 : where you can start doing stuff in it
13:23 : and that is quite impressive if you're
13:27 : already using WN and not not OS ten then
13:32 : you don't have to do any of this docker
13:34 : business and then all you have to do is
13:39 : install the software that's needed so
13:42 : the software that you're gonna need well
13:44 : to follow along with the tutorial
13:46 : they're gonna be nano nessam bash and
13:50 : GCC really I mean you should already
13:53 : have bash actually and if you want to
13:57 : use VI instead of nano that's fine too
14:00 : so really the things you need are nessam
14:02 : and GCC I have you I have a image that I
14:10 : created that already have these things
14:12 : pre-installed so if you're using docker
14:15 : you don't even have to install them
14:17 : yourself and that image is called
14:23 : Airport YH Nasim's
14:26 : sandbox so if you do docker run IT again
14:34 : air pro a janae some sandbox then you'll
14:38 : get access to this guy and that it's 67
14:43 : megabytes so slightly more than 50
14:46 : megabytes because I added some new stuff
14:48 : in there
14:49 : and boom now so this this computer now
14:54 : contains nessam so you can type Mason
14:57 : and say well Nathan wants a file and it
15:01 : also has GCC it has both of those
15:04 : programs pre-installed
15:09 : okay so you can even go ahead and use
15:14 : that command yeah use this docker run
15:20 : I'll explain IT in the moment docker run
15:23 : Airport YH / Nissim sandbox to get the
15:31 : Mason image installed as well as the
15:34 : software you need for it installed all
15:39 : right let me take a step back and
15:40 : explain what doctor does and how doctor
15:44 : works so again you have your computer
15:49 : which in my case is Mac OS 10 and inside
15:55 : of Mac OS 10 my Mac OS 10 has a bunch of
15:58 : different software running inside it but
16:01 : one of them is darker and darker you can
16:04 : think of docker is almost like its own
16:07 : operating system actually more than one
16:10 : operating system and within it it is
16:14 : running these tiny computers to within
16:16 : it and darker cause the sky's containers
16:21 : so maybe I have container one and a
16:24 : container is like mini computer that's
16:28 : running inside of docker running inside
16:31 : of OS 10 so you got each of these so a
16:35 : container it's like a virtual mini
16:45 : computer it's a mini computer that's
16:50 : running in the computer in your computer
16:53 : in your computer it's a computer in your
16:58 : computer how cool is that
17:00 : a container though is based on some
17:04 : configuration that instructs doctor how
17:09 : to actually run this mini computer that
17:13 : is called an image and an image I'm
17:17 : gonna draw in
17:18 : maybe a different shape maybe an image
17:21 : is like a circle so maybe an image is a
17:31 : what is an image an image is a computer
17:34 : configuration so one image might be a
17:39 : Debian image another image might be an
17:43 : Ubuntu image another image might be a
17:45 : Windows image so it configures all of
17:48 : the software that will run when it's
17:56 : sort of like realized into an instance
18:01 : which is called a container so so when
18:04 : you run a command like docker run Debian
18:14 : Debian that is the image name what
18:19 : docker run Debian does is say can you
18:23 : instantiate a new container for me one
18:28 : using the Debian image so let's say
18:31 : let's say our a is the Debian image
18:35 : let's let's just pretend a is Debian and
18:40 : we did docker run Debian then docker
18:44 : says ok I'm gonna use this a image to
18:47 : spawn a new container a new virtual
18:50 : computer in your computer and let's say
18:54 : that is 1 and this one is gonna use a
18:59 : and part of the magic of docker is you
19:02 : can do that any number of times so if
19:04 : you run another docker run Debian you
19:07 : have a 2 you make another container now
19:10 : that is also using the image a and
19:13 : that's allowed now if we but docker can
19:17 : also use B maybe B is um maybe B is the
19:23 : the nascent sandbox that I created for
19:26 : you that has everything that Debian has
19:30 : actually
19:31 : it's namespaced under my username so you
19:35 : docker run the airport YH / ness mm
19:39 : sandbox and then docker will create
19:42 : another one but this time it's using
19:45 : this image instead of the Debian image
19:48 : so that's what doctor is doing
19:50 : underneath so now practically the next
19:54 : thing we need to do to get everyone set
19:57 : up is map drives so because every time
20:01 : you run a docker instance it'll spawn a
20:05 : brand new computer a brand new mini
20:07 : computer based on that image and the
20:10 : files that you're creating within the
20:13 : instance actually do not persist so the
20:19 : simple way I found to allow it to
20:23 : persist files as map directory on your
20:27 : host computer into the mini computer
20:33 : that's running inside of darker so that
20:35 : anytime you're accessing the files in
20:38 : docker you're also accessing the same
20:41 : files in your host computer in my case
20:44 : it's OS 10 so so I decided to have my
20:47 : entire home directory Mac into my docker
20:51 : containers and that is done by using
20:55 : this doc who come in with the V flag so
21:00 : this is my directory that is on my Mac
21:05 : and I do that :
21:08 : the virtual directory I want to create
21:12 : it within my container so with this the
21:17 : container will have a slash home
21:20 : directory which maps to its like
21:23 : identical to my folder structure on my
21:26 : Mac in this directory here and then I'm
21:31 : gonna use the ID flag which just means
21:34 : run it interactively so I can access the
21:38 : container using a
21:41 : [Music]
21:43 : but I need to write the name of the
21:46 : container which I forgot so I used my
21:53 : Newsom sandbox image and now it has
21:57 : spawned a new container and I'm running
22:01 : inside of the container and in my home
22:07 : directory I have a playground directory
22:09 : which I have an SM directory which of my
22:13 : SM files so that's how it works so you
22:17 : can even choose to have a home directory
22:24 : or map your home directory or just map
22:26 : some subdirectory you're gonna use for
22:29 : these ACM projects if you want to follow
22:31 : along and they're just map it so that
22:35 : the container can access it within the
22:38 : container we're gonna use or this is my
22:42 : plan anyway
22:42 : you can deviate from my plan but I
22:45 : decided to use the Nano text editor to
22:48 : edit my SM files and we're gonna go into
22:53 : my Linux directory and I'm gonna open up
22:56 : the hollow that a sim file using the
22:59 : Nano text editor and that's what a
23:02 : hollow world file looks like this is
23:06 : taken from lesson 2 of this tutorial
23:10 : here I think it's yeah
23:13 : this food is taken from that and then
23:17 : you can compile this code how do you
23:19 : compile this code
23:20 : well the tutorial tells you how to
23:22 : compile it you first used to nee Sam
23:24 : come in like so make that I called it
23:29 : hello world or Hollow I call this one
23:31 : hollow so I'm gonna change it to hello
23:33 : so again nessam - f elf hollow ASM and
23:39 : then use the load command like so except
23:44 : I have to change
23:46 : hello that oh because the first step has
23:51 : actually created this binary file called
23:54 : hollow that Oh which is called an object
23:56 : file and then I want to output a hollow
23:59 : command
24:00 : hello executable which will then be
24:02 : executable by just typing its path so
24:06 : now that guy type prints out hello world
24:09 : and that is your hello world and that
24:13 : concludes sort of this video just for
24:17 : the purpose of getting this set up in
24:19 : the next tutorial I'll actually get into
24:23 : the specifics of assembly programming
24:28 : and yeah if you want to follow along for
24:31 : the ride I will see you next time
24:40 : you

Assembly Language Programming 1 - Setup

Transcript