Django Tutorial Walkthrough 7

This is part 7 of a code tutorial walkthrough of the official Django tutorial. https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/intro/tutorial07/

Transcript

The following transcript was automatically generated by an algorithm.

00:00 : welcome to part seven of the uh code
00:04 : uh code tutorial walkthrough for the
00:06 : django web framework
00:09 : um welcome if you're learning django
00:12 : feel free to follow along
00:14 : uh so in this part looks like we're
00:16 : going to work on customizing the admin
00:19 : form so the admin form let me first show
00:22 : you what that is
00:25 : or the admin site i should say this is
00:28 : the admin site and it comes pre-baked
00:32 : into django and is an incredibly
00:35 : powerful asset for django users you
00:38 : don't have to write a single line of
00:40 : code
00:41 : um
00:41 : oh okay you owe some lines of code to
00:44 : define what your models are
00:47 : in a models dot py file
00:50 : so you you did this and then you also
00:52 : use the command line tool to
00:54 : use the database migrations to actually
00:57 : generate
00:58 : database tables
01:01 : um which look like this
01:05 : so you django
01:07 : sort of helped you along in creating
01:10 : these data database tables
01:13 : and all you had to do was define these
01:15 : model classes
01:17 : in the sort of
01:20 : django way
01:23 : and then for free on top of that
01:26 : you get this django administration
01:29 : user interface that you didn't have to
01:32 : write a single line of code it was given
01:34 : to you and what you can do is you can
01:37 : browse
01:38 : all of the data
01:40 : for um
01:42 : for the tables that you created
01:45 : and you can also drill
01:48 : and drill in and look at the specific
01:51 : rows
01:52 : in the tables in this format and you can
01:55 : edit
02:00 : beef lasagna you can edit the data as
02:03 : well and you can save it you can delete
02:06 : you can add a new row if you want add a
02:09 : choice
02:11 : uh what's another what's for dinner
02:14 : i don't know
02:16 : spaghetti that might be what we're
02:19 : having tonight actually
02:21 : you can add a row you can do all of this
02:23 : stuff um
02:25 : and it it it almost feels like a um
02:30 : you know
02:31 : it's a product already it's ready to
02:33 : ship you know and you didn't even do
02:36 : much work at all
02:38 : and that's really cool and uh so
02:42 : so if i'm reading this right it seems
02:45 : like you can actually customize this
02:48 : site
02:49 : as well to your liking so let's see how
02:52 : we can do that
02:53 : um so by registering the question model
02:56 : with
02:57 : adminsight.register question
03:00 : and where where do we do that
03:06 : i think it was here yeah and i actually
03:09 : took an extra step and registered the
03:11 : choice
03:12 : model as well that's why you see
03:14 : both of them here
03:16 : um
03:18 : so
03:19 : django is able to construct a default
03:22 : form representation often you want to
03:25 : customize how the admin form looks and
03:27 : works
03:28 : you'll do this by telling django the
03:31 : options you'll want
03:32 : when you register the object
03:36 : let's see how this works by reordering
03:38 : the fields on the edit form so i'm gonna
03:42 : uh okay so i can what i can do it looks
03:45 : like is i can define a class
03:48 : that configures
03:51 : how you want the admin user interface to
03:55 : work
03:57 : for a particular model
04:00 : in this case the question model
04:03 : and you can
04:06 : make a list of all the fields
04:10 : that you want to show up
04:13 : and if you do this you supply this class
04:18 : um as a second argument to register
04:24 : so you follow this pattern which is
04:26 : create a model admin class which is that
04:29 : guy
04:30 : then pass it as a second argument to
04:33 : admin.site.register
04:35 : anytime you want to customize the admin
04:38 : options for a model
04:40 : um so let's go ahead and test that saved
04:45 : and now i'm going into questions
04:49 : and i'm clicking for what's for dinner
04:52 : and now the date published comes before
04:55 : the question text uh i should have shown
04:57 : you if i didn't pass in this
05:00 : if we didn't put in this customization
05:03 : what it would look like
05:05 : let's see that now
05:12 : yeah
05:13 : so without that customization the
05:16 : question text would have come first but
05:19 : with the customization which i'm putting
05:21 : back
05:22 : now
05:24 : um because of the way we ordered the
05:28 : publish date before the question text
05:30 : we're
05:31 : able to get the publish date to come
05:33 : first
05:34 : okay
05:35 : um what else can i customize that's my
05:38 : question
05:41 : this isn't impressive with only two
05:43 : fields but for admin forms with dozens
05:46 : of fields choosing an intuitive order is
05:48 : important usability detail okay
05:51 : speaking of forms with dozens of fields
05:53 : you might want to split the form up into
05:56 : field sets
05:59 : okay
06:00 : let's do that
06:02 : so okay instead of fields
06:04 : you can actually set them up as field
06:07 : sets
06:17 : question text
06:29 : pop date
06:38 : okay
06:40 : now what does it look like
06:42 : let's try it
06:46 : now
06:46 : waiting for the server to restart
06:50 : uh unless i might have made a syntax
06:53 : error that's why it's not restarting
06:56 : yes i did
06:58 : uh so i'm gonna need a closing bracket
07:01 : for that list
07:04 : okay
07:10 : [Music]
07:13 : so
07:16 : oh okay
07:20 : so this is a field set here
07:26 : uh this guy
07:29 : this guy is a
07:31 : field set
07:32 : uh this is actually also a field set
07:36 : it just doesn't have a title oh my god
07:38 : my my drawing is looks so horrible
07:41 : so this is also a field set it's it's
07:44 : just a few set with a null title it has
07:48 : no title
07:49 : so they didn't render it
07:51 : differently with a title bar
07:53 : whereas this one is a field set that has
07:56 : a title so they render the title with a
07:59 : title bar like that
08:01 : so
08:03 : that's what we did
08:04 : and that's cool that's very cool
08:07 : adding related objects okay
08:10 : so a question has multiple choices and
08:12 : you're saying we can actually put the
08:14 : choices directly on the question page
08:19 : that would be amazing
08:21 : uh so
08:23 : and that's kind of why i put the choices
08:26 : i registered the choices to be
08:29 : to be usable in this admin interface but
08:32 : apparently
08:34 : and just put them directly into the
08:35 : question page
08:38 : so oh i do need to register choice
08:42 : and i have had already taken the liberty
08:44 : to do that in a previous video
08:52 : yes i have seen this so the add choice
08:54 : form
08:57 : let's go there
08:58 : if i click add choice
09:01 : then we get this i can select the
09:02 : question that this choice belongs to and
09:05 : then i can put in this information
09:08 : um
09:10 : the question field is a select box right
09:13 : right right right right
09:16 : um
09:16 : but now
09:18 : what i want
09:20 : ah okay
09:22 : i can inline the choice
09:25 : selection inside of a questions edit
09:29 : page and the way i do that is i create
09:32 : this choice in line
09:34 : class it's it which should
09:38 : extend from the stacked inline class
09:41 : from the admin module
09:44 : um
09:46 : i tell it which model
09:49 : it's supposed to um
09:52 : b4
09:54 : and then i stick it in here as in
09:57 : is one of the inlines
10:00 : of the question admin
10:03 : pages
10:06 : that makes sense to me
10:18 : okay so and now i that i've created that
10:21 : i'm gonna add a inlines
10:26 : uh list and put choice
10:29 : in line
10:31 : in there let's let's try that out
10:33 : wait for it to restart
10:41 : uh and the herd is holy
10:44 : moly
10:46 : that's incredible um
10:50 : hold on
10:51 : why does it have choice for
10:55 : and choice 5 and choice 6 which have no
10:59 : choice text
11:02 : is that
11:06 : for real
11:10 : that seems weird
11:16 : oh these are not real ones i guess
11:18 : they're just placeholders for when i
11:21 : want to
11:22 : add them
11:25 : uh-huh
11:26 : okay but but i could
11:29 : take them away this doesn't affect the
11:31 : database
11:33 : i could add one of these placeholders
11:36 : and i can fill them in so i can
11:38 : let's add another
11:40 : uh
11:43 : salary
11:47 : and i can just save
11:50 : save and continue editing
11:58 : and then we have salary and if we go to
12:01 : the choices admin page we also get
12:04 : salary here
12:05 : cool
12:07 : um
12:08 : load the at yes
12:10 : okay that's what we just saw
12:13 : um it works like this there are three
12:15 : slots for related choices
12:18 : as specified by extra
12:24 : extra ah okay
12:27 : the extras
12:29 : equals three that's what caused it to
12:33 : give me three placeholders
12:37 : aka slots
12:40 : here
12:42 : these three slots
12:44 : that's because i put extra equals three
12:47 : if i put extra equals one
12:50 : then there would only be one
12:52 : empty slot
12:56 : let's see that
12:58 : yeah there's only one empty slot now and
13:01 : if i don't put
13:03 : extra
13:04 : then i would expect it not to give me
13:07 : any
13:08 : empty slot
13:10 : at all
13:21 : no it's
13:23 : oh the default might be three actually
13:29 : the default might be three slots okay i
13:33 : want it to be one slot
13:35 : one small problem though it takes a lot
13:37 : of screen space to display all the
13:41 : fields for entering related choice
13:43 : objects
13:45 : for that reason django offers a tabular
13:48 : way of displaying inline related objects
13:52 : to use it change choice inline
13:54 : declaration to read
13:56 : tabular inline instead of stacked inline
14:00 : okay
14:02 : oh wow
14:04 : dang
14:10 : that's nifty
14:13 : okay that's our tabular inline and we
14:16 : have one extra placeholder
14:19 : that's really cool i have to say
14:22 : really cool
14:25 : um all right
14:28 : i can also customize the admin change
14:31 : list
14:33 : what does that mean
14:37 : here's what it looks like at the moment
14:40 : select
14:42 : question to change oh okay
14:45 : so this sort of like did this
14:47 : uh this this is the change list uh so i
14:50 : can select multiple of them
14:54 : to change oh oh i can say delete
14:58 : but maybe i don't and what if i hit go
15:03 : no
15:04 : okay
15:04 : i can delete
15:06 : multiple ones at the same time is what i
15:08 : could do
15:11 : okay so the change list is basically the
15:14 : list
15:15 : of all the questions or other whatevers
15:19 : whatever your model happens to be
15:22 : the list page
15:25 : by default django displays the stir
15:29 : the string representation of each object
15:33 : but sometimes it would be more helpful
15:35 : if we could display individual fields so
15:38 : to do that use the list display
15:41 : admin option
15:45 : okay
15:48 : so we're going to display both of the
15:52 : fields basically
15:54 : delete the fields
15:56 : list display equal to question
16:00 : text
16:01 : and then pub date
16:10 : not wait for it to uh reload
16:15 : and
16:16 : now it's a table and we can uh
16:20 : that is cool man that is very cool
16:24 : for good measure let's also include
16:28 : the was published recently method
16:31 : oh
16:36 : i can put
16:39 : the
16:40 : a method
16:42 : in here
16:46 : that is very nifty i must say
16:55 : nice
16:56 : and gives me false values
17:02 : but not published recently
17:05 : if i change the date
17:08 : to today
17:11 : change it to today
17:13 : and save it
17:16 : then it would be
17:18 : published recently yeah
17:22 : oh still no
17:24 : why not
17:35 : oh i put it in a future time
17:40 : okay i'll change it to now
17:45 : save it
17:47 : so now this yeah now it's true it was
17:50 : published recently
17:52 : it's kind of unfair that i can just
17:54 : change the publish date willingly
17:57 : like that
17:58 : but whatever
18:01 : that is extremely cool
18:04 : um
18:05 : okay
18:06 : you can
18:07 : sort
18:10 : by the table headers
18:13 : that's even cooler
18:16 : this is really powerful
18:18 : this is like a showcase of the admin
18:21 : interface
18:23 : um you can improve that so but
18:27 : the column header for was published
18:30 : recently is by default the name of the
18:32 : method oh i can change that
18:37 : by doing
18:38 : this i can do an annotation
18:42 : on top of the method
18:46 : like this
18:47 : okay let me actually
18:49 : i'm going to need to import admin
18:52 : from
18:54 : [Music]
18:55 : can zhango.com
18:56 : import admin
18:58 : and then i'm going to admin that display
19:04 : boolean equals true
19:07 : ordering i guess boolean equals true
19:10 : means this
19:12 : method should return a boolean
19:17 : ordering should be based on the pub date
19:20 : it's ordering and description
19:23 : should say published
19:25 : recently question mark so this guy goes
19:29 : into the table header
19:31 : ordering i suppose is what should happen
19:34 : if you click on the column header and
19:36 : try to order by
19:38 : that column
19:44 : oh dang if it's boolean it shows there's
19:47 : a little icon
19:49 : that's actually really cool
19:52 : okay
19:56 : okay and i can read more about list
19:59 : display over here
20:10 : this gives me ideas
20:14 : this is really cool stuff
20:17 : okay i'll read about this later
20:21 : now edit your admin.pi file again and
20:25 : add an improvement
20:27 : to the question change list page
20:31 : filters using the list filter
20:36 : at following my
20:41 : where
20:43 : here
20:45 : to question admin so
20:48 : list
20:49 : filter
20:52 : oh i think this might mean
20:57 : there's gonna be a little oh gosh wow
21:00 : this is extremely cool
21:06 : oh there are filters now oh this is a
21:09 : date filter and
21:13 : oh wow
21:23 : bye
21:24 : hold on
21:26 : clear all filters now we see everything
21:30 : um
21:31 : oh this month because
21:36 : okay
21:38 : this year we see everything
21:40 : past seven days
21:43 : we don't see
21:45 : everything because this is more than
21:48 : seven days old this is january first
21:51 : and today is february 4th
21:54 : okay we get all this functionality for
21:56 : free basically
21:59 : well not for free but with just a little
22:02 : configuration change
22:04 : um
22:05 : that's
22:06 : very nice
22:08 : this is shaping up well let's add some
22:11 : search capability you can even search
22:16 : so we're searching by the question text
22:19 : i guess okay
22:40 : just the search box and
22:45 : i can search dinner i guess
22:48 : yeah
22:51 : yeah
22:52 : i can use the search box
22:55 : to search
22:56 : cool
22:59 : customize the admin look and feel
23:02 : clearly having django administration at
23:05 : the top of each admin page
23:08 : is ridiculous it's just
23:11 : placeholder text
23:14 : so they're talking about here
23:18 : yeah
23:20 : that's fine i mean you can change it
23:23 : though
23:24 : using django's template system come
23:27 : customizing your projects templates
23:30 : create a templates directory in your
23:33 : project
23:34 : directory the one that contains manage
23:37 : python so this is the top level
23:42 : directory the one that contains the
23:44 : manage
23:45 : the pi file so let's create a new folder
23:49 : templates
23:52 : and
23:55 : templates can live anywhere on your file
23:57 : system that django can access django
24:00 : runs as whatever user your server runs
24:03 : however keeping your templates within
24:05 : the project
24:07 : it's a good convention to follow
24:10 : open your settings file
24:20 : and add a dirt
24:22 : option in the templates okay
24:28 : okay there's a dirt option we're gonna
24:31 : add it at base der
24:35 : slash
24:37 : templates
24:39 : what is this slash
24:42 : is it a divide i don't get it
24:46 : um
24:49 : i would have expected a plus sign
25:08 : now create a directory called admin
25:11 : inside the templates okay
25:23 : now we want to
25:27 : and copy the template
25:29 : admin base template from within the
25:33 : django admin template directory
25:37 : in the source code of django itself
25:40 : where are the django source files yeah
25:43 : do that
25:45 : nice i like this
25:49 : i like digging into the internals of
25:52 : stuff so you're saying
25:55 : if i open this
25:59 : in the finder
26:02 : then i can go in and look there's a
26:06 : template directory
26:10 : and an admin
26:13 : no
26:15 : at
26:16 : django
26:18 : contrib
26:27 : is there conducting trip
26:30 : admin
26:34 : templates
26:42 : all of these
26:49 : i guess all of these
26:52 : we'll copy those two items
26:55 : so you're going to copy the template
26:58 : oh
26:59 : just the base site
27:02 : that mean
27:05 : base just this one file
27:07 : copy it
27:10 : and then
27:12 : i want to put it in here
27:24 : okay
27:30 : so i've copied
27:34 : did that work
27:37 : there it did work
27:39 : so i copy that
27:42 : base site
27:43 : html file
27:46 : into my file and i can uh
27:49 : yeah i have some code that looks kind of
27:52 : like this it's not exactly like this
27:54 : they probably have changed it
27:56 : since the time of the writing of this
27:58 : tutorial
28:00 : but um
28:02 : i can change it basically
28:13 : this dude
28:15 : readers will ask but if dirs was empty
28:19 : by default how was django finding the
28:21 : default admin
28:23 : template the answer is that since
28:25 : adapters is set to true
28:27 : django automatically looks for a
28:29 : template directory within each
28:32 : application package for use as a
28:35 : fallback
28:36 : and django contrib admin is one of the
28:39 : applications
28:41 : right
28:46 : let's customize the admin index page
28:48 : then
28:50 : by default it displays all the apps in
28:52 : installed apps that have been registered
28:55 : with a
28:56 : uh admin application in alphabetical
29:00 : order but you may want to make
29:02 : significant changes to the layout
29:07 : okay we're at the end of and they didn't
29:10 : actually tell me to do something
29:12 : specific i'm just going to
29:16 : put something
29:18 : in
29:21 : myself so this looks like the title
29:23 : right
29:25 : um
29:32 : there's a lot here
29:38 : this oh this is a block what if i just
29:41 : change all of this and say
29:44 : hold on or is this the
29:46 : real title oh yeah i think this is the
29:48 : real title
29:50 : i'm just going to change this to toby
29:52 : was here
29:55 : and see if that shows up
30:07 : did i mess something up oh i have not i
30:11 : turn off the server
30:24 : uh no i did not manage to change it
30:28 : what gives
30:50 : i'm actually gonna open up the source
30:53 : code of django itself and i want to try
30:56 : editing the template in there
31:04 : it's in contrap
31:06 : admin
31:08 : templates admin
31:14 : basic site
31:17 : and
31:19 : if i change this
31:22 : i want to see that working at least
31:37 : yes okay
31:39 : um so at least that works
31:42 : change it
31:53 : it could be something changed
31:57 : and this doesn't work anymore because
32:00 : the search order
32:03 : template does not exist
32:06 : at admin
32:32 : if i copied all of these files
32:36 : over
32:46 : paste
33:08 : now i can edit it in here
33:16 : but if i use app jers
33:19 : does that change things
33:25 : okay
33:27 : so it worked after i copy
33:30 : everything
33:33 : from the admin templates to my
33:37 : admin templates folder
33:41 : but just a single one doesn't work but
33:45 : i could theorize to say that maybe
33:47 : that's because
33:50 : maybe that's because um
33:56 : the base
33:57 : the base
33:59 : site page was probably included by
34:02 : another page
34:05 : and when it's including that other pages
34:08 : including the base site page
34:13 : i'm guessing
34:14 : it was done
34:16 : using a relative path maybe
34:20 : like this extends admin
34:23 : base site maybe that's done based on
34:26 : relative path although i'm not sure
34:29 : that's true or not
34:37 : interesting in any case
34:40 : i am able to customize things now
34:44 : after copying everything over
34:48 : and uh
34:55 : at least i have a workaround
34:58 : okay
34:58 : um so that is part
35:02 : seven of the tutorial what next the
35:04 : beginner tutorial ends here
35:07 : um in the meantime you might want to
35:09 : check out some pointers on where to go
35:11 : from here
35:16 : what to read next so i did the inter
35:19 : introductory
35:21 : um
35:22 : material
35:26 : there's
35:27 : a lot more documentation here we could
35:30 : look at how the documentation is
35:32 : organized
35:33 : topic guys so one of the things i want
35:35 : to do next is
35:36 : [Music]
35:38 : figure out how to customize
35:41 : the model classes the model field
35:44 : classes
35:45 : so that might be where i go next
35:48 : but in any case this is the
35:51 : last
35:52 : chapter in the introductory
35:56 : tutorial and if you followed along this
35:58 : far congratulations you're at the end